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My PH.D.-Thesis, 1966-1982, delivered
in Hebrew to the Jerusalem University 1972
Original Theme,1966 : The Idea of VICARIOUS SUFFERING as an ANSWER to INNOCENT SUFFERING (i.e. my coping with the holocaust). Final Hebrew Title 1972: "The PERCEPTION of SUFFERING and SOLIDARITY with the SUFFERERS in the Thought of the Jewish Sages from the time of the second Commonwealth till the End of the Talmudic Era" (i.e. in Bible, Apocryphes, Qumran, New Testament, Talmud, Midrash)
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See
the overview of "MY BOOK" in the context of "MY LIFE's
HARVEST"
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INTRODUCTIVE DIARY 2002
2002_09_17, a day after Yom-Kippur,
3 days before Succot ; last update: 2009_07_11
After the exit
of Yom-Kippur I saw a German documentary: "Hunting Scenes from South Spain"!
about a "Crystal-Night", a raid by the masses against "Moros",
guestworkers from Marokko and Algeria,
in the Spanish province Almeria around the town Aljido, in February 2000, with
the police standing idly by.
"One man has killed a woman out of jealousy,
and many thousands of his kind are persecuted on his behalf."
This phenomenon among human beings
expressed in that ancient Jewish proverb is the title of my book:
"All Israel are guarantors for each other",
are held responsible for each other.
My research shows,
how victimhood (I'm held responsible) is transformed
into mastership (I am responsible, I take responsibility).
When I walked down my path, back from
my collapsed figtree, the next morning,
I had another breakthrough or "break-back".
"Start scanning both editions of your
main book, the Hebrew and the German one,
without worrying about an English translation!"
It's time to integrate my true identity, which is German and Jewish/Israeli,
and my own languages, which are German and Hebrew
indicated in the names "Eva Maria Christa Guth" and "Rachel Rosenzweig"
with a seemingly additional identity, which I adopted for my website,
the identity of Maryam, who writes in English.
"Seemingly" - for my twofold nationality and my universality are already
One
in the surname I chose in 1981: "Bat-Adam", "Daughter of Hu/Man".
May I, the foreigner to the English language,
be forgiven for inventing some new words
in order to convey the message expressed in the main Hebrew terms:
like "mastership"
[ribbonut], the contrary
of "victimhood" [qorbanut],
The main problem is with the translation of the noun
'arevim
in the ancient proverb, which is the title of the Hebrew book.
When my husband translated the summary of
my thesis in 1972,
he finally came up with a certain term, which - as I see today - is no equivalent
at all.
With "Roget's Thesaurus" and "Babylon"
- English-Hebrew, German-English - at hand today,
I now - 2002_09_19
- decided
to translate 'arev
as "being a guarantor"
and 'arevut
as "guarantorship",
and not to use verbs like: "to vouch for",
or "to pledge", or nouns like: "warranty" or "surety"
because I cannot derive from them "vouchers" or "pledgers".
The verb "to guarantee" on the other hand has too many additional
meanings to be an equivalent.
For the word in Hebrew can have an intransitive, even passive meaning:
"I am a guarantor,
i.e. I am held responsible for something that was done by someone else."
or an active meaning:
"I am a guarantor,
i.e. I take responsibility for preventing something from being done by someone
else."
I still need to derive a new word: "guarantorship".
For the word "suretyship" is too confined
as a legal term.
2002_09_18 ; last update: 2003_06_03
The Source of the Concept of "guarantor"
and "guarantorship":
Juda, Josef and Benjamin
The noun 'arevim
is derived from the verb,
which Juda, one of the 12 sons of Jacob, uses twice in the story of "Joseph
and his brothers".
This story, on which I wrote a paper in
Jerusalem in 1961, always moves me to tears.
Yehuda is to become the one
who will give the Hebrews, the Israelites their later name:
Yehudim,
"Juden" in German.
I believe, there is deep meaning in how this story lets Juda,
who is the fourth son, not the firstborn, evolve into a leader:
Josef, formerly sold into slavery by the brothers , recognizes them,
when they come to buy grain in Egypt
at a time of famine in their own country, Canaan.
He demands from them to bring their youngest brother with them,
if they ever want to buy food again.
Jacob, who still mourns for his favorite son, assumed to be dead,
refuses to let Benjamin go.
It's then, that Yehuda steps forward and says:
"Send the lad with me,
and we will arise and go,
that we may live and not die,
so we, so you, so our little-ones!
I will act as his pledge
[the whole sentence is one word, ae'aervaennu,
from the root "arav"]
at my hand you may seek him!
If I do not bring him back to you
and set him in your presence,
I will be culpable-for-sin against you all the days (to come).
[Gn 43,9]
On their way back from Egypt,
Josef sends his servants to catch up with them
and to blame them for having stolen Josef's silver goblet.
The goblet is found in Benjamin's pack
(where Josef had ordered to put it secretly).
This is their test!
Will they betray, abandon, extradite, sell a brother again?
Since I now
possess the
translation of Fox, I'll scan Yehuda's second speech in full,
a speech to the powerful Deputy of Pharao, his
disguised brother Josef [Gn44].
It shows clearly, how Yehuda becomes an 'arev,
a guarantor, in the active sense:

2002_10_05; last update; 2003_06_03
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Emphasizing so many individual names
and quoting so many other people
demonstrates the main message of my study.
The Biblical and Talmudic literature is overflooding with personal names
of individuals,
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which contrasts sharply
with the ghastly hierarchical community of Qumran, which they called the "Yakhad", Togetherness, and which left us not a single personal name of a "yakhid", "an individual". |
The "yekhidim",
the individuals, who composed that community,
may forgive me for judging their hypocrite "Yakhad" so harshly. Know that I am grateful for the contrast which your false "Yakhad" provides., So far we all learn best by contrasting and polarizing. |
Israel's Sages even had an expressive principle for quoting,
expressed both in negative and in positive form:
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I set out to understand the suffering of innocent
individuals
I soon was led to understand the dependency of the individual on his/her
community.
And I ended up in understanding, how from this dependency follows the individual's
uniqueness.
A Biblical and a Talmudic episode about Moses may exemplify this:
Moses had liberated the Hebrews from external slavery in Egypt
and led them to the desert to make them grow towards internal freedom.
Instead, time and again, (the Bible mentions
7 times), the slaves wanted to return to the meat pots in Egypt.
Moses feels unfit and depressed to death,
until God shows him 70 elders to help him carry the burden.
He gathers them around the Tent
of Appointment, so God would take from his spirit and give it unto them.
Two of them, Eldad and Medad, did not come to the Tent, but started to prophesy
outside, in the camp.
Josua, later a leader himself, but then a sheepish assistant, projects on
Moses his own fear for his honor:
"My lord Moses, imprison them!"
It's then that Moses rises to his full stature and says:
"Is it for my sake, that you are
jealous?
Who'd give, that all HIS people were prophets!"
[Numeri 11]
see this song about "My three Peers" in Song-Game
2007
On April 20, 2012, Meirav
Meidan told me the interpretation of Rashi to
"imprison them" - "kal'em"
"hatêl alehem tzorkhê ha-tzibbur ve-hem kalim me-atzmam"
"put on them the needs of the public and by themselves they perish"
A Talmudic story depicts another incident of slavish behavior.
In this case God told depressed Moses,
that he would destroy the people once and for all.
Moses jumps to his feet and defies God himself:
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"zae
talui bi"
this depends on ME!" |
The decision to mark the pages, forces me to read them.
This is a "Driving Backward"
of the first order.
For all the last 20 years I never could bring myself to read,
what I had written, neither in German nor in Hebrew.
Shame and pain were keeping me away.
Shame, because I might not like my creation.
Pain, because my creation was not received.
Except for 3 feedbacks to the German book (2 positive, 1 negative)
no reaction ever reached me.
The Hebrew book has not been even read , leave alone received, by the man
I love:
"Two many quotations!! -
As if you had nothing to say on your own Accord."
And this despite my immense effort to read and grasp his own thesis/book.
He believes, that no one but him has really understood Immanuel Kant so
far.
I even invested many hours in trying to translate it from Hebrew into German,
hoping, that in this way I might grasp sentence after sentence and the message.
I had to give up.
But my book is intelligible for an average educated person, isn't it?
I had believed, my books would "make a difference" in the world.
Even now, I fear being judged for having indulged in such illusions.
And the desillusion right now causes me to sob and sob and sob.
Before sleep I zapped into an Hebrew interview with an Israeli woman.
Zippi Fleischer has composed several operas.
Her "Cain&Hevel" is about to be performed in front of a small
audience.
"It takes one hundred years, until new music
becomes digestible for the audience."
Franz Rosenzweig, my father-in-law, wrote some time before he died in 1929:
"I'll open my mouth only 'posthum'", i.e. after my death.
But I don't believe, that humankind will last for another 100 years,
if the message of Judaism, as distilled in my book, is not applied NOW.
2002_10_19; last update: 2003_06_03
The immense endeavor to facilitate convenient navigation
concerning the spreading of my books on the Internet
drags me deeper and deeper into that old research.
And often I emerge and glare with new wonder.
Isn't this root 'arav
of the noun 'arev
mystical?
The words 'ivrim', Hebrews
and 'aravim, Arabs,
have the same 3 consonants "ayin, beth/veth,
resh",
in both Semitic languages, Arabic and Hebrew,
except that in 'arav the two
latter are inverted.
'ivrim comes from the word
"to pass", "to move beyond",
and 'aravim from a root, that
has produced many meanings;
among them "evening/west" and "steppe", desert like
land.
For the word to mean guarantor,
it has to be pronounced 'arev
in the singular,
and until now I never doubted that in the plural it must be pronounced 'arevim.
But since books are usually not equipped with the kind of dots that indicate
vocals,
the title of my Hebrew book can be easily read as :
"All Israel are Arabs - 'aravim
- to each other".
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In fact, some time after the publication of the Hebrew book, Now I came across a note in my books saying, |
What does this mean?
2002_10_21; 8 o'clock in the morning
Just look at today's 'deja vu'!
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2009_07_11
I also discovered a letter from Prof.
Ernst Akiba Simon,
As I read Simon's sentence, written in 1973,
in the year 2009, [See the blessing + my tune - of Uniting The-Holy-One-Blessed-Be-He with his Shechina at the bottom of each of the AUschwitz-BirkenAU pages]
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